FFAC Citations
Slide 3
Photo: http://animal.agwired.com/2008/09/03/foster-farms-now-crystal/
Slide 4
CAFO:
“Animal Feeding Operations” USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web .nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/plantsanimals/livestock/afo/
All photos public domain from Wikimedia Commons
Slides 5-7
Jeannie Hudkins. “Eat Like You Give a Damn: for the animals, for your health, for the planet” 2013, Mill City Press, Minneapolis, pp. 4-5
Slide 8
9 billion animals:
”Farm Animal Statistics: Slaughter Totals." Humane Society of the United States. 2016.
Web. humanesociety.org/news/resources/research/stats_slaughter_totals.html
Slide 9:
99% of all animal products:
“New poll shows majority uncomfortable with animal farming despite eating turkeys for Thanksgiving”, Sentience Institute. November 2017. Web.
sentienceinstitute.org/press/animal-farming-attitudes-survey-2017#ftnt1
Slide 12
Chickens produce 300 eggs/year, that’s 3x natural amount:
“History of Egg Production.” American Egg Board. Incredible Edible Egg. 2007. Web.http://www.incredibleegg.org/egg_facts_history2.html
Photo: Animal Place
Slide 13
Debeaking:
“Animal Husbandry Guidelines for U.S. Egg-Laying Flocks” United Egg Producers 2017, p. 9
Web. uepcertified.com
Photos: http://www.humanemyth.org/images/1059.1.jpg
Slide 14
Video: Undercover investigation by Mercy for Animals
Slide 15
67 square inches FF statistic:
“Animal Husbandry Guidelines for U.S. Egg-Laying Flocks”, United Egg Producers, 2017, p. 19
Web. uepcertified.com
Photo 1: Wikimedia Commons
Photo 2: Compassion Over Killing
Slide 16
Chickens live for 6-8 years & slaughtered at 1-2 years old FF statistic:
Berry, Joe. “Often Asked Questions about Poultry and Eggs.” Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension Service, Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Web.
premier1supplies.com/img/newsletter/07-25-13-poultry/ANSI-8402web.pdf
% of eggs from caged hens statistic:
United Egg Producers, “Animal Husbandry Guidelines for U.S. Egg-Laying Flocks” 2017
Web. uepcertified.com
Photo: Animal Place
Slide 17
250 million male layers discarded each year:
“No More Culls? Male Layer Chicks Might Soon Be Spared Death Sentence” The Poultry Site. 2017, Web thepoultrysite.com/articles/3693/no-more-culls-male-layer-chicks-might-soon-be-spared-death-sentence/
Photo: Humane League Labs
Slide 18
Photo: kittybloger.wordpress.com/2012/06/17/kitty-gives-baby-chick-a-piggy-back-ride/
Slide 19
Photo: Animal Place
Slide 20
Broilers grow so rapidly:
Martin, D. “Researcher Studying Growth-Induced Diseases in Broilers.” Feedstuffs. 1997. Print.
Average weight increase, drop in time to market, daily feed requirements:
William, Boyd. “Making Meat: Science, Technology, and American Poultry Production,” Technology and Culture. 2001. (cited from Foer 106).
Daily growth rate increase:
Knowles, T.G. “Leg Disorders in Broiler Chickens: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Prevention.” PLoS ONE. 2008. (cited from Foer 48). http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0001545
Photo: Food, Inc.
Slide 21
26% broiler chickens severely crippled:
Kestin, S.C. “Prevalence of leg weakness in broiler chickens and its relationship with genotype.” Veterinary Record. 29 Aug. 1992: p.131, pp. 190-194. Print.
90% broiler chickens can’t walk normally:
Kestin, S.C. “Prevalence of leg weakness in broiler chickens and its relationship with genotype.” Veterinary Record. 29 Aug. 1992: p.131, pp.190-194. Print.
Photo chickenrescueandrehabilitation.com/2010/09/
Slide 22
Workers crate 105 chickens in 3.5 min:
“Blood, Sweat, and Fear: Workers’ Rights in US Meat and Poultry Plants.” New York: Human Rights Watch. 2004. (cited from Foer 104).
30% birds arriving with freshly broken bones:
T.G. Knowles. “Handling and Transport of Spent Hens,” World’s Poultry Science Journal. 1994. pp.. 60-61 (cited from Foer 132).
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Slide 23
“Humane Methods of Livestock Slaughter.“ USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. Web. nal.usda.gov/awic/humane-methods-slaughter-act
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Slide 24
“The Need for Legislation and Elimination of Electrical Immobilization”. United Poultry Concerns
upc-online.org/slaughter/report.html
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Slide 25
4 million chickens boiled alive:
Freedom of Information Act #94-363. Poultry Slaughtered, Condemned, and Cadavers. Cited in “Poultry Slaughter: The Need for Legislation.” United Poultry Concerns. 2011. (Cited from Foer 133). www.upc-online.org/slaughter/slaughter3web.pdf
Photo: www.meyn.com
Slide 27
Cage free:
“Cage-Free vs. Battery-Cage Eggs.” The Humane Society of the United States. http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/confinement_farm/facts/cage-free_vs_battery-cage.html
Photo: Wikimedia commons
Slide 28
Free range:
“Fact Sheet: Meat and Poultry Labeling Terms.” USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. Apr. 2011. Web. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/food-labeling/meat-and-poultry-labeling-terms/meat-and-poultry-labeling-terms
Photo: Animal Legal Defense Fund
Slide 29
Organic Label:
“Labeling Organic Products.” Agricultural Marketing Service. USDA. Web.
http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELDEV3004446
Photo: USDA
Slide 30
Humane Label:
“The Truth Behind Humane Labels.” Farm Sanctuary. Brochure. 2012. Web.http://www.farmsanctuary.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Truth-Behind-Humane-FINAL-4-21-09.pdf
Photo: Compassion Over Killing
Slide 31
Photo: Herbert T, via Wikipedia
Slide 32
75% of adults worldwide are lactose intolerant to some extent:
“Improved Lactose Digestion and Intolerance among African-American Adolescent Girls Fed a Dairy-rich Diet.” Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2000. Web. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10812376
Photo: Animal Place
Slide 33
Artificial insemination:
Webb, D.W. “Artificial Insemination of Dairy Cattle.” University of Florida Electronic Data Information.Reviewed June 2003. Web. ufdc.ufl.edu/IR00004730/00001
Photo: http://www.thebeefsite.com/articles/721/artificial-insemination-for-beef-cattle
Slide 34
Calves separated from their mothers soon after birth:
“Early separation of cow and calf has long-term effects on social behavior”. Science Daily. April 2015. Web sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150428081801.htm
Slide 35
Cows milked 3 times per day to 10-12 months:
“Is three-times-a-day milking for you?”. Michigan State University Extension. June 2011. Web.
msue.anr.msu.edu/news/is_three_times_a_day_milking_for_you
Photo: Gunnar Richter Namenlos.net via Wikimedia Commons
Slide 36
Photo: indulgy.com/post/eUcFGkIGf2/sweet-calves-kissing
Slide 37
Photo: Animal Place
Slide 38
Gestation Crate:
“Crammed into Gestation Crates.” Humane Society of the United States. 2014. Web. humanesociety.org/issues/confinement_farm/facts/gestation_crates.html
Farrowing Crate:
Philpot, Tom. “You won’t believe what pork producers do to pregnant pigs.” Mother Jones. July/August 2013 article. Web. http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/06/pregnant-sows-gestation-crates-abuse
Sows showing signs of insanity:
Blackwell, “Production Practices and Well-Being: Swine.” (Cited from Foer Pgs. 183-187).
Slide 39
Piglet tails and testicles without anesthetic:
“The Use of Drugs in Food Animals: Benefits and Risks,” National Academy of Science. 1999. (Cited from Foer 168).
Castrated meat:
“Castration of pigs”, Virginia Cooperative Extension Newsletter Archive, Livestock Update, January 2008
sites.ext.vt.edu/newsletter-archive/livestock/aps-08_01/aps-0111.html
Photo:
urbangreengirl.com/2011/02/09/why-i-chose-to-be-vegetarian-an-intimate-look-at-my-life/
Slide 40
Common Farming Practice Exemption:
“Large-scale farmed animal abuse and neglect: law and its enforcement” Animal Law and Ethics, Issue 63, May 2011.
Ag-gag laws
“Ag-gag Laws Keep Animal Cruelty Behind Closed Doors”. The Humane Society of the United States. Web. humanesociety.org/issues/campaigns/factory_farming/fact-sheets/ag_gag.html
Photo: http://cuteanimalimages.com/super-cute-piglet/
Slide 41
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Slide 43
Fish stocks fully fished or overfished:
“Future of world fish production depends on urgent action to combat falling fish stocks” Oceana,
July 2016, Web. oceana.org/press-center/press-releases/future-world-fish-production-depends-urgent-action-combat-falling-fish
Slide 44
Video: Ocean Defender- Hawaii
Slide 45
Bycatch:
“Bycatch Threats” World Wildlife Foundation. Web. worldwildlife.org/threats/bycatch
“Reducing Bycatch in Shrimp Trawlers: Could efforts in North Carolina Provide a Solution?” The Fish Site April 2016. Web. thefishsite.com/articles/reducing-bycatch-in-shrimp-trawlers-could-efforts-in-north-carolina-provide-a-solution
Photo: http://www.bycatch.moonfruit.com/
Slide 46
Aquaculture:
“Effects of Aquaculture or Fish Farming on Ocean Health”. The Seafood Watch Program of the Monterey Bay Aquarium. Web.
seafoodwatch.org/ocean-issues/aquaculture
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Slide 47
Slavery:
“Thailand: Forced Labor, Trafficking Persist in Fishing Fleets”, Human Rights Watch January 2018. Web.
hrw.org/news/2018/01/23/thailand-forced-labor-trafficking-persist-fishing-fleets
Slide 50
Cumulative trauma injuries / slaughterhouse workers:
“Inspection Guidance for Poultry Slaughtering and Poultry Processing Establishments”, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States Department of Labor. October 2015
Web. osha.gov/dep/enforcement/poultry_processing_10282015.html
No health insurance:
“Slaughterhouse workers” Food Empowerment Project
foodispower.org/slaughterhouse-workers/
Amputations:
“Amputations abound at Tyson Foods, OSHA records shed more light on industrial food production” The Pump Handle. January 2016. Web.
Diapers in slaughterhouses:
“Poultry Workers, Denied Bathroom Breaks, Wear Diapers: Oxfam Report” nbc news May 2016. Web. nbcnews.com/business/business-news/poultry-workers-denied-bathroom-breaks-wear-diapers-oxfam-report-n572806
Photo: USDA
Slide 51
PTSD:
McWilliams, James. “PTSD in the Slaughterhouse.” The Texas Observer. 07 Feb 2012. Web. texasobserver.org/ptsd-in-the-slaughterhouse/
Slide 52
Cleaning Crew:
“The American meat industry’s dark secret” Business Insider, January 2018. Web.
businessinsider.com/meat-industry-sanitation-workers-2018-1
Kansas Beef Plant:
“Deaths of Three at Kansas Meat Packing Plant Investigated.” Oaklaoman. June, 1991. Web. http://newsok.com/deaths-of-three-at-kansas-meat-packing-plant-investigated/article/2359749
Slide 53
Photo: http://www.sunnyskyz.com/happy-pictures/162/Bunny-and-Piglet-Love
Slide 55
“The Triple Whopper Environmental Impact of Global Meat Production” Time. December 2013. Web.
science.time.com/2013/12/16/the-triple-whopper-environmental-impact-of-global-meat-production/
Slide 57
“Animal Feed” Sustainable Table, GRACE Communications Foundation. Web.
sustainabletable.org/260/animal-feed
Slide 58
Animals: a really inefficient source of food
“Redefining agricultural yields: from tonnes to people nourished per hectare”. IOPscience, August 2013.
Slide 59
Feeding the world:
“Redefining agricultural yields: from tonnes to people nourished per hectare”. IOPscience, August 2013.
Slide 60
Deforestation:
“The role of pasture and soybean in deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon”. IOPscience, April 2010. Web. iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024002/meta
Slide 62
Animal agriculture water consumption:
Video clip from documentary ‘Cowspiracy’
Slide 64
Most GMO crops in the US are fed to animals on factory farms:
Van Eenennaam, Alison L., and Amy E. Young. " Feeding GMO Crops to Livestock - Beef Research New - Beef Issues Quarterly.’ Department of Animal Sciences, University of California, Davis, Mar. 2016. Web. beefissuesquarterly.com/beefissuesquarterly.aspx?id=5672
"Recent Trends in GE Adoption." USDA ERS. N.p., 3 Nov. 2016. Web. 11 Apr. 2017.
"Contribution of GM Technology to the Livestock Sector." ISAAA. N.p., Aug. 2016. Web. 11 Apr. 2017.
Meat production accounts for over ⅓ of all pesticide use:
Steinfeld, Henning, Pierre Gerber, Tom Wassenaar, Vincent Castel, Mauricio Rosales, and Cees De Haan. Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options. Publication. Rome: FAO, 2006. Print.
Pesticides are toxic:
Neonicitinoid colony collapse disorder: Dwyer, Marge. "Study Strengthens Link between Neonicotinoids and Collapse of Honey Bee Colonies." Harvard School of Public Health. N.p., 9 May 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2017.
Neonic use on crops fed to livestock: LaJeunesse, Sara. "Rapid Increase in Neonicotinoid Insecticides Driven by Seed Treatments." Penn State University. Penn State University, 2 Apr. 2015. Web. 12 Apr. 2017.
Pesticide poisoning in workers: Dearen, Jason. "Why U.S. Farmworkers Keep Getting Poisoned by Pesticides." St. Louis Post Dispatch. N.p., 3 Feb. 2016. Web. 12 Apr. 2017.
Slide 66
Farm animals in the US produce 100x as much waste as the entire US human population:
Gerba, C. P., & Smith, J. E. (2004). Sources of pathogenic microorganisms and their fate during land application of wastes. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34(1), 42-48. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
Cited on sustainabletable.org/906/waste-management
Slide 67
Video: Citizen Drone Project. www.factoryfarmdrones.com
Liquified waste is sprayed onto surrounding land:
Manure spraying: "Understanding Manure Irrigation." University of Wisconsin - Extension. N.p., 14 Apr. 2016. Web. 13 Apr. 2017.
Slide 69
Meat production makes more greenhouse gases than all the planes, trains, and cars in the world combined:
"Livestock a Major Threat to Environment." Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. N.p., 29 Nov. 2006. Web. 11 Apr. 2017.
Ruminant animals produce methane: "Monitoring Methane Emissions from Agriculture and Dairy Farming." Environmental Technology. N.p., 2017. Web. 13 Apr. 2017.
More potent than CO2: "Overview of Greenhouse Gases." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 14 Feb. 2017. Web. 13 Apr. 2017.
Animal waste releases nitrous oxide: Costa, J. R., C. Li, C. E. Cerri, and C. C. Cerri. "Measuring and Modeling Nitrous Oxide and Methane Emissions from Beef Cattle Feedlot Manure Management: First Assessments under Brazilian Condition." Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part. B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2017.
More potent than CO2: "Understanding Global Warming Potentials" EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 14 Feb. 2017. Web. 13 Apr. 2017.
Slide 70
If everyone in the US ate no meat or cheese just one day per week, it would be like not driving 91 billion miles, or taking 7.6 billion cars off the road: "Reducing Your Footprint." Reducing Your Footprint - 2011 Meat Eaters Guide | Meat Eater's Guide to Climate Change + Health | Environmental Working Group. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2017.
Slide 71
If Americans ate beans instead of beef:
“Substituting Beans for Beef Would Help the U.S. Meet Climate Goals”. The Atlantic. August 2017. Web. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/if-everyone-ate-beans-instead-of-beef/535536/
Photo: Physicians Committee
Slide 72
Photo: :http://favim.com/image/228905/
Slide 74:
mensjournal.com/food-drink/vegan-diet-american-olympic-weightlifter-kendrick-farris/
Slide 78
Save money:
“A Vegetarian Diet Can Save You Around $750 Each Year When Compared to a Meat - Eating Diet”. Medical Daily. October 2015. Web. medicaldaily.com/vegetarian-diet-can-save-you-around-750-each-year-when-compared-meat-eating-diet-356670
Slide 79
Clean Meat:
“Lab-Grown Meat May Save a Lot More than Farm Animals’ Lives”. nbc news. April 2017. Web.
nbcnews.com/mach/innovation/lab-grown-meat-may-save-lot-more-farm-animals-lives-n743091
Slide 80
Plant-based foods: a growing market
“U.S. Plant Based Foods Industry Tops $5 Billion in Annual Sales”. Plant Based Foods Association. March 2017. Web.
https://plantbasedfoods.org/u-s-plant-based-foods-industry-tops-5-billion-annual-sales/
“Dairy Alternative Market is anticipated to cross USD 34 Billion by 2024”. PR Newswire. January 2018. Web. prnewswire.com/news-releases/dairy-alternatives-market-is-anticipated-to-cross-usd-34-billion-by-2024-300583922.html
“Get Ready For A Meatless Meat Explosion, As Big Food Gets On Board”. Fast Company. December 2017. Web. fastcompany.com/40508181/get-ready-for-a-meatless-meat-explosion-as-big-food-gets-on-board
Slide 81
“The CEO of Tyson Foods sees a growing demand for plant-based protein”. Business Insider. March 2017. Web.